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Category: News

Xianglian Pill ameliorates antibiotic-associated diarrhea by restoring intestinal microbiota and attenuating mucosal damage


Ethnopharmacological relevance: Xianglian Pill (XLP), a traditional Chinese pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease, possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and analgesic activities, may represent a promising candidate for the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Aim of the study: This study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism of XLP on the amelioration of AAD. Materials and methods: AAD was...Читать далее »

Regulatory effect of non-starch polysaccharides from purple sweet potato on intestinal microbiota of mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea


Antibiotic treatment causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), which is usually accompanied by disorders of the intestinal flora, aggravating the patient’s condition. Recently, more attention has been devoted to the ability of plant polysaccharides to improve the body’s flora and enhance immunity. However, reports on whether purple sweet potato polysaccharides (PSPPs) can improve AAD are scarce. This study aimed to extract a non-starch...Читать далее »

Clostridioides difficile infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an underestimated problem?


Introduction: The use of antibiotics and possibility of microbiota disruption during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic have raised questions about the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Objectives: This study aimed to assess the frequency of and risk factors for CDI in patients with COVID‑19. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective, single‑center evaluation study on the frequency of and risk...Читать далее »

Molecular mechanisms of probiotic prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea


Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common and unintended adverse effect of antibiotic treatment. It is characterized by the disruption of the gut microbiota, decreased intestinal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, accumulation of luminal carbohydrates and colonic bile acids, altered water absorption, and ultimately diarrhea. Probiotics were shown to prevent AAD in numerous clinical trials. This review examines what...Читать далее »

Potential Roles for Probiotics in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients and Prevention of Complications Associated with Increased Antibiotic Use


Medical care for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is an evolving process. Most COVID-19 inpatients (58−95%) received empiric antibiotics to prevent the increased mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia and other secondary infections observed in COVID-19 patients. The expected consequences of increased antibiotic use include antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI). We reviewed the literature (January...Читать далее »

Systematic review: clinical evidence of probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea


Background: Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is the most common intestinal side effect of an antibiotic therapy. Various probiotics or probiotic combinations are often used preventively while taking antibiotics for the prevention of AAD. Method: This review is based on a systematic literature research in MEDLINE and EMBASE. 7 probiotics are presented with regard to their effectiveness and evidence in the prevention of AAD. Only...Читать далее »

Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745: A Non-bacterial Microorganism Used as Probiotic Agent in Supporting Treatment of Selected Diseases


The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is a unique, non-bacterial microorganism classified as a probiotic agent. In this review article, at first, we briefly summarized the mechanisms responsible for its probiotic properties, e.g. adhesion to and elimination of enteropathogenic microorganisms and their toxins; extracellular cleavage of pathogens' virulent factors; trophic and anti-inflammatory effects on the intestinal mucosa. The...Читать далее »

Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials


Objective: This meta-analysis aims to combine the latest research evidence to assess the effect of probiotics on preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in adults. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials on probiotics preventing AAD. A random or fixed effect model was used to combine the incidence of AAD (primary outcome) and the adverse event rates. The...Читать далее »

Low FODMAP diet significantly improves IBS symptoms: an Irish retrospective cohort study


INTRODUCTION: There is growing evidence that a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) improves symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. We aimed to retrospectively investigate the effects of this diet in Irish IBS cohort over a 12-month follow-up period, including after re-introduction of the high FODMAP foods. METHODS: All the tertiary referrals seen...Читать далее »

Beta-defensins and analogs in Helicobacter pylori infections: mRNA expression levels, DNA methylation, and antibacterial activity


Antimicrobial peptides can protect the gastric mucosa from bacteria, but Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can equally colonize the gastric apparatus. To understand beta-defensin function in H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis, we investigated susceptibility, human beta-defensin mRNA expression, and DNA methylation changes to promoters in the gastric mucosa with or without H. pylori infection. We studied the expression of HBD2 (gene name DEFB4A), HBD3...Читать далее »

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